Development of Chitosan-Based Nanoemulsion Gel Containing Microbial Secondary Metabolite with Effective Antifungal Activity: In vitro and in vivo Characterizations [Retraction]

Abstract

Khan MK, Khan BA, Uzair B, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2021;16:8203–8219. The Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine are retracting the published article. An investigation by the Publisher found duplication in images from another article from a different author group. Specifically, From the published article above, Figure 4, F2 and F3, have been duplicated with the same images for Figure 4D from Yujuan Mao, Xiaolan Chen, Bohui Xu, Yan Shen, Zixuan Ye, Birendra Chaurasiya, Li Liu, Yi Li, Xiaoling Xing & Daquan Chen. Eprinomectin nanoemulgel for transdermal delivery against endoparasites and ectoparasites: preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Delivery. 2019;26(1):1104–1114. DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1682720. The authors cooperated with the investigation and provided data associated with the reported study. However, despite the authors’ assistance, a satisfactory explanation for how the images came to be duplicated could not be provided, and the validity of the published work could not be verified. Therefore, the Editor and Publisher are retracting the article and the authors do not agree with this decision. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Keywords

• fungal resistance
• red soil
• pseudomonas fluorescens
• microbial secondary metabolites
• phthalic acid ester derivative
• nanoemulsion gel.