Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Ruchir Priyadarshi
Department of Food and Nutrition, Bio Nanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
Sauraj
Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
Farha Deeba
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Anurag Kulshreshtha
Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad
Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Jaehwan Kim
Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea
Anuj Kumar
School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
Yuvraj Singh Negi
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (sodium acrylate)/Ferric chloride (CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3) nanoporous hydrogel beads were prepared based on the ionic cross-linking between CMC-g-PNaA and FeCl3. The structure of CMC and CMC-g-PNaA were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The physicochemical properties of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling percentage of hydrogel beads was studied at different time periods. The obtained CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited a higher nanoporous morphology than those of CMC-g-PNaA and CMC beads. Furthermore, an AFM image of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 beads shows granule type topology. Compared to the CMC-g-PNaA (189 °C), CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited improvement in thermal stability (199 °C). Furthermore, CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads depicted a higher swelling percentage capacity of around 1452%, as compared to CMC-g-PNaA (1096%). Moreover, this strategy with preliminary results could be useful for the development of polysaccharide-based hybrid hydrogel beads for various potential applications.
