Methodology for Determining Phthalate Residues by Ultrasound–Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and GC-IT/MS in Hot Drink Samples by Vending Machines
Giuseppe Ianiri,
Cristina Di Fiore,
Sergio Passarella,
Ivan Notardonato,
Alessia Iannone,
Fabiana Carriera,
Virgilio Stillittano,
Vincenzo De Felice,
Mario Vincenzo Russo,
Pasquale Avino
Affiliations
Giuseppe Ianiri
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Cristina Di Fiore
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Sergio Passarella
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Ivan Notardonato
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Alessia Iannone
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Fabiana Carriera
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Virgilio Stillittano
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, I-00178 Rome, Italy
Vincenzo De Felice
Bioscience and Territory Department, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
Mario Vincenzo Russo
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Pasquale Avino
Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
In this study, a simple, fast, and effective methodology has been developed for the detection and quantification of seven phthalates potentially released in hot drinks from disposable containers used in vending machines. The authors determined the optimal conditions to be applied during the various steps of extraction of seven phthalates (DMP, DEP, DBP, DiBP, DEHP, DNOP, and DDP) from hot beverages using a model solution. The extraction and preconcentration technique used was ultrasound–vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME) followed by gas chromatographic analysis obtaining recoveries from 66.7% to 101.2% with precision and reproducibility −1 and 15.4 ng mL−1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 1.6 ng mL−1 to 35.8 ng mL−1, both of them lower than those found by FID, were obtained.
