Echinochrome A Increases Mitochondrial Mass and Function by Modulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis Regulatory Genes
Seung Hun Jeong,
Hyoung Kyu Kim,
In-Sung Song,
Su Jin Noh,
Jubert Marquez,
Kyung Soo Ko,
Byoung Doo Rhee,
Nari Kim,
Natalia P. Mishchenko,
Sergey A. Fedoreyev,
Valentin A. Stonik,
Jin Han
Affiliations
Seung Hun Jeong
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Hyoung Kyu Kim
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
In-Sung Song
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Su Jin Noh
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Jubert Marquez
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Kyung Soo Ko
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Byoung Doo Rhee
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Nari Kim
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Natalia P. Mishchenko
George B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
Sergey A. Fedoreyev
George B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
Valentin A. Stonik
George B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
Jin Han
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
Echinochrome A (Ech A) is a natural pigment from sea urchins that has been reported to have antioxidant properties and a cardio protective effect against ischemia reperfusion injury. In this study, we ascertained whether Ech A enhances the mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in rat cardio myoblast H9c2 cells. To study the effects of Ech A on mitochondrial biogenesis, we measured mitochondrial mass, level of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory gene expression. Ech A treatment did not induce cytotoxicity. However, Ech A treatment enhanced oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial ATP level. Likewise, Ech A treatment increased mitochondrial contents in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, Ech A treatment up-regulated biogenesis of regulatory transcription genes, including proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC)-1α, estrogen-related receptor (ERR)-α, peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR)-γ, and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1 and such mitochondrial transcription regulatory genes as mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM), mitochondrial transcription factor B2 (TFB2M), mitochondrial DNA direct polymerase (POLMRT), single strand binding protein (SSBP) and Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM). In conclusion, these data suggest that Ech A is a potentiated marine drug which enhances mitochondrial biogenesis.
