Cardiovascular risk factors, global cardiovascular risk, and vascular age in a cohort of Peruvian HIV patients

Abstract

Introduction Data on cardiovascular risk and vascular age in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from developing countries are scarce. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, global cardiovascular risk, and vascular age in a Peruvian cohort of patients with HIV. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV outpatients between August and December 2018. Global cardiovascular risk was calculated using Framingham risk score and ACC/AHA ASCVD score, and vascular age was evaluated using Framingham adaptation. Results In total, 310 patients were included. The mean age was 47.4 ± 12.8 years, 79.7% were males, and vascular age was 51.2 ± 17.2 years. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (69%), hypertension (28.7%), and obesity (18.4%). The median Framingham risk score was 6.15 (range, 3-13) points, and was distributed into low- (67.7%), intermediate- (17.5%), and high- (14.8%) risk. The median ASCVD score was 4.85 (range, 2.4-8) points, and was divided into low- (76.2%), moderate- (13.5%), and high- (10.3%) risk. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was higher in the sub-population aged older than 50 years. Conclusions The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was high in our cohort of Peruvian patients with HIV. Consequently, overall cardiovascular risk was elevated in > 10% of cases. Vascular age was higher than chronological age.

Keywords

• cardiovascular risk
• human immunodeficiency virus
• vascular age