Ventilation condition effects on heat dissipation of the lithium-ion battery energy storage cabin fire

Abstract

Due to the high energy density of the lithium-ion battery, lots of heat, smoke, and toxic gas will be rapidly produced during thermal runaway and accumulate at the extreme cabin temperature. Therefore, a lithium-ion battery energy storage cabin requires an efficient ventilation condition to ensure fire safety. This work investigates the effects of ventilation mode, ventilation position, and ventilation speed on the heat dissipation inside the cabin. The results indicate that under an optimal ventilation condition, the cabin can achieve excellent heat dissipation efficiency. With the change of ventilation mode, it is found that when the combination of mechanical and natural ventilation is used for smoke evacuation, the average temperature in the cabin can be decreased by about 20 °C. In addition, when an air exhaust vent is set at the top center of this cabin, the maximum temperature can be reduced from 810 °C to 620 °C. Finally, as the ventilation velocity raised from 1 m/s ∼10 m/s, the average temperature inside the cabin decreased linearly. Particularly, at the ventilation velocity of 6 m/s, the average temperature can be approximately controlled in the range of 40–80 °C, and the heat dissipation efficiency can reach 62.17 %.

Keywords

• Lithium-ion battery module
• Thermal runaway fire
• Ventilation condition
• Heat dissipation efficiency