Frontiers in Education (Nov 2023)
Models of classroom assessment for course-based research experiences
- David I. Hanauer,
- Tong Zhang,
- Mark J. Graham,
- Sandra D. Adams,
- Yesmi Patricia Ahumada-Santos,
- Richard M. Alvey,
- Mauricio S. Antunes,
- Mary A. Ayuk,
- María Elena Báez-Flores,
- Christa T. Bancroft,
- Tonya C. Bates,
- Meghan J. Bechman,
- Elizabeth Behr,
- Andrea R. Beyer,
- Rebecca L. Bortz,
- Dane M. Bowder,
- Laura A. Briggs,
- Victoria Brown-Kennerly,
- Michael A. Buckholt,
- Sharon K. Bullock,
- Kristen A. Butela,
- Christine A. Byrum,
- Steven M. Caruso,
- Catherine P. Chia,
- Rebecca A. Chong,
- Hui-Min Chung,
- Kari L. Clase,
- Sean T. Coleman,
- D. Parks Collins,
- Stephanie B. Conant,
- Brett M. Condon,
- Pamela L. Connerly,
- Bernadette J. Connors,
- Jennifer E. Cook-Easterwood,
- Katie E. Crump,
- Tom D’Elia,
- Megan K. Dennis,
- Linda C. DeVeaux,
- Lautaro Diacovich,
- Iain Duffy,
- Nicholas P. Edgington,
- Dustin C. Edwards,
- Tenny O. G. Egwuatu,
- Elvira R. Eivazova,
- Patricia C. Fallest-Strobl,
- Christy L. Fillman,
- Ann M. Findley,
- Emily Fisher,
- Matthew R. Fisher,
- Marie P. Fogarty,
- Amanda C. Freise,
- Victoria J. Frost,
- Maria D. Gainey,
- Amaya M. Garcia Costas,
- Atenea A. Garza,
- Hannah E. Gavin,
- Raffaella Ghittoni,
- Bryan Gibb,
- Urszula P. Golebiewska,
- Anna S. Grinath,
- Susan M. R. Gurney,
- Rebekah F. Hare,
- Steven G. Heninger,
- John M. Hinz,
- Lee E. Hughes,
- Pradeepa Jayachandran,
- Kristen C. Johnson,
- Allison A. Johnson,
- Michelle Kanther,
- Margaret Kenna,
- Bridgette L. Kirkpatrick,
- Karen K. Klyczek,
- Kathryn P. Kohl,
- Michael Kuchka,
- Amber J. LaPeruta,
- Julia Y. Lee-Soety,
- Lynn O. Lewis,
- Heather M. Lindberg,
- Jaclyn A. Madden,
- Sergei A. Markov,
- Matthew D. Mastropaolo,
- Vinayak Mathur,
- Sean P. McClory,
- Evan C. Merkhofer,
- Julie A. Merkle,
- Scott F. Michael,
- Jon C. Mitchell,
- Sally D. Molloy,
- Denise L. Monti,
- María Alejandra Mussi,
- Holly Nance,
- Fernando E. Nieto-Fernandez,
- Jillian C. Nissen,
- Imade Y. Nsa,
- Mary G. O’Donnell,
- Shallee T. Page,
- Andrea Panagakis,
- Jesús Ricardo Parra-Unda,
- Tara A. Pelletier,
- Tiara G. Perez Morales,
- Nick T. Peters,
- Vipaporn Phuntumart,
- Richard S. Pollenz,
- Mary L. Preuss,
- David P. Puthoff,
- Muideen K. Raifu,
- Nathan S. Reyna,
- Claire A. Rinehart,
- Jessica M. Rocheleau,
- Ombeline Rossier,
- Adam D. Rudner,
- Elizabeth E. Rueschhoff,
- Amy Ryan,
- Sanghamitra Saha,
- Christopher D. Shaffer,
- Mary Ann V. Smith,
- Amy B. Sprenkle,
- Christy L. Strong,
- C. Nicole Sunnen,
- Brian P. Tarbox,
- Louise Temple,
- Kara R. Thoemke,
- Michael A. Thomas,
- Deborah M. Tobiason,
- Sara S. Tolsma,
- Julie Torruellas Garcia,
- Megan S. Valentine,
- Edwin Vazquez,
- Robert E. Ward,
- Catherine M. Ward,
- Vassie C. Ware,
- Marcie H. Warner,
- Jacqueline M. Washington,
- Daniel E. Westholm,
- Keith A. Wheaton,
- Beth M. Wilkes,
- Elizabeth C. Williams,
- William H. Biederman,
- Steven G. Cresawn,
- Danielle M. Heller,
- Deborah Jacobs-Sera,
- Graham F. Hatfull,
- David J. Asai,
- Viknesh Sivanathan
Affiliations
- David I. Hanauer
- Department of English, Indiana University of Pennsylvania,Indiana, PA, United States
- Tong Zhang
- Department of English, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
- Mark J. Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, STEM Program Evaluation and Research Lab (STEM-PERL), Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Sandra D. Adams
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
- Yesmi Patricia Ahumada-Santos
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, SI, Mexico
- Richard M. Alvey
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, United States
- Mauricio S. Antunes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- Mary A. Ayuk
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
- María Elena Báez-Flores
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, SI, Mexico
- Christa T. Bancroft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Tonya C. Bates
- 0Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Meghan J. Bechman
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Elizabeth Behr
- 2Biology Department, Madison Area Technical College, Madison, WI, United States
- Andrea R. Beyer
- 3Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
- Rebecca L. Bortz
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Dane M. Bowder
- 4Department of Biology, Doane University, Crete, NE, United States
- Laura A. Briggs
- 5Department of Biology, Truckee Meadows Community College, Reno, NV, United States
- Victoria Brown-Kennerly
- 6Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Webster University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Michael A. Buckholt
- 7Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
- Sharon K. Bullock
- 8Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Kristen A. Butela
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Christine A. Byrum
- 9Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
- Steven M. Caruso
- 0Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Catherine P. Chia
- 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Rebecca A. Chong
- 2School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Hui-Min Chung
- 3Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States
- Kari L. Clase
- 4Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Sean T. Coleman
- 5Department of Biology, Wartburg College, Waverly, IA, United States
- D. Parks Collins
- 6Department of Natural Sciences, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, NC, United States
- Stephanie B. Conant
- 7Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
- Brett M. Condon
- 8Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University—Montana College of Osteopathic Medicine, Billings, MT, United States
- Pamela L. Connerly
- 9School of Natural Sciences, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN, United States
- Bernadette J. Connors
- 0Science Department, Dominican University New York, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Jennifer E. Cook-Easterwood
- 1Department of Biology, Queens University of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Katie E. Crump
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- Tom D’Elia
- 3Department of Biology, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- Megan K. Dennis
- 4Department of Biology, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States
- Linda C. DeVeaux
- 5Biology Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
- Lautaro Diacovich
- 6Departamento de Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Iain Duffy
- 7Department of Natural Sciences, Saint Leo University, St. Leo, FL, United States
- Nicholas P. Edgington
- 8Department of Biology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Dustin C. Edwards
- 9Department of Biological Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, United States
- Tenny O. G. Egwuatu
- 0Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Elvira R. Eivazova
- 1Department of Biology, Columbia State Community College, Columbia, TN, United States
- Patricia C. Fallest-Strobl
- 2Department of Science, Neumann University, Aston Township, PA, United States
- Christy L. Fillman
- 3Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Universtiy of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Ann M. Findley
- 4Department of Biology—School of Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
- Emily Fisher
- 5Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Matthew R. Fisher
- 6Biology Department, Oregon Coast Community College, Newport, OR, United States
- Marie P. Fogarty
- 7Department of Science, Durham Tech, Durham, NC, United States
- Amanda C. Freise
- 8Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Victoria J. Frost
- 9Biology Department, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, United States
- Maria D. Gainey
- 0Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, United States
- Amaya M. Garcia Costas
- 1Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO, United States
- Atenea A. Garza
- 2Biology Department, South Texas College, McAllen, TX, United States
- Hannah E. Gavin
- 3Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Raffaella Ghittoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Bryan Gibb
- 4Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- Urszula P. Golebiewska
- 5Department of Biological Sciences and Geology, Queensbrough Community College, Queens, NY, United States
- Anna S. Grinath
- 6Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
- Susan M. R. Gurney
- 7School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Rebekah F. Hare
- 8Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steven G. Heninger
- 9Science Division, Allegany College of Maryland, Cumberland, MD, United States
- John M. Hinz
- 0School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Lee E. Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- Pradeepa Jayachandran
- 1Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Kristen C. Johnson
- 2Department of Life Sciences, University of New Hampshire Manchester, Manchester, NH, United States
- Allison A. Johnson
- 3Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Michelle Kanther
- 4Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, United States
- Margaret Kenna
- 5Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
- Bridgette L. Kirkpatrick
- 6Math and Natural Sciences, Collin College, Plano, TX, United States
- Karen K. Klyczek
- 7Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI, United States
- Kathryn P. Kohl
- 9Biology Department, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, United States
- Michael Kuchka
- 5Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
- Amber J. LaPeruta
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Julia Y. Lee-Soety
- 8Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Lynn O. Lewis
- 9Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, United States
- Heather M. Lindberg
- 0Department of Biology, Virginia Western Community College, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Jaclyn A. Madden
- 1Life Sciences Department/STEM Division, Hartford Community College, Bel Air, MD, United States
- Sergei A. Markov
- 2Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN, United States
- Matthew D. Mastropaolo
- 2Department of Science, Neumann University, Aston Township, PA, United States
- Vinayak Mathur
- 3Department of Science, Cabrini University, Radnor, PA, United States
- Sean P. McClory
- 4Integrated Science, Business and Technology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Evan C. Merkhofer
- 5Division of Natural Sciences, Mount Saint Mary College, Newburgh, NY, United States
- Julie A. Merkle
- 6Department of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, United States
- Scott F. Michael
- 7Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, United States
- Jon C. Mitchell
- 8Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD, United States
- Sally D. Molloy
- 9Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- Denise L. Monti
- 0Hicks Honors College, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- María Alejandra Mussi
- 1Departamento de Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Holly Nance
- 2Natural Sciences, College of Coastal Georgia, One College Drive, Brunswick, GA, United States
- Fernando E. Nieto-Fernandez
- 3Biological Sciences, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- Jillian C. Nissen
- 3Biological Sciences, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- Imade Y. Nsa
- 0Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Mary G. O’Donnell
- 4Department of Biology, Thiel College, Greenville, PA, United States
- Shallee T. Page
- 5College of Health and Natural Sciences, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH, United States
- Andrea Panagakis
- 6STEM Academy, Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, MT, United States
- Jesús Ricardo Parra-Unda
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, SI, Mexico
- Tara A. Pelletier
- 7Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, VA, United States
- Tiara G. Perez Morales
- 8Department of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, United States
- Nick T. Peters
- 9Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Vipaporn Phuntumart
- 0Department of Biological Sciences and Life Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
- Richard S. Pollenz
- 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Floria, Tampa, FL, United States
- Mary L. Preuss
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- David P. Puthoff
- 3Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD, United States
- Muideen K. Raifu
- 4Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, UCH Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
- Nathan S. Reyna
- 5Department of Biology, Ouachita Baptist Univeristy, Arkadelphia, AR, United States
- Claire A. Rinehart
- 6Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, United States
- Jessica M. Rocheleau
- 7Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Ombeline Rossier
- 8CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Adam D. Rudner
- 9Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Michobiology, and Immunulogy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, KS, United States
- Elizabeth E. Rueschhoff
- 9School of Natural Sciences, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN, United States
- Amy Ryan
- 00Biology Department, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, United States
- Sanghamitra Saha
- 01Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, United States
- Christopher D. Shaffer
- 02Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Mary Ann V. Smith
- 03Department of Science, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA, United States
- Amy B. Sprenkle
- 04Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, MA, United States
- Christy L. Strong
- 05School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
- C. Nicole Sunnen
- 8Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Brian P. Tarbox
- 06Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Maine Community College, South Portland, ME, United States
- Louise Temple
- 07School of Integrated Sciences, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States
- Kara R. Thoemke
- 08Biology Department, College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, United States
- Michael A. Thomas
- 6Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
- Deborah M. Tobiason
- 09Department of Biology, Carthage College, Kenosha, WI, United States
- Sara S. Tolsma
- 10Department of Biology, Northwestern College, Orange City, IA, United States
- Julie Torruellas Garcia
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- Megan S. Valentine
- 00Biology Department, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, United States
- Edwin Vazquez
- 11Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, Puerto Rico
- Robert E. Ward
- 12Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Catherine M. Ward
- 13Science and Math, Durham Technical Community College, Durham, NC, United States
- Vassie C. Ware
- 5Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
- Marcie H. Warner
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Jacqueline M. Washington
- 14Department of Biology and Chemistry, Alliance University, New York, NY, United States
- Daniel E. Westholm
- 15Biology Department, The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, United States
- Keith A. Wheaton
- 16Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otttawa, Ottawa, KS, United States
- Beth M. Wilkes
- 17Department of Natural Sciences, CCSNH-Concord's Community College, Concord, NH, United States
- Elizabeth C. Williams
- 18Translational and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, KS, United States
- William H. Biederman
- 19Center for the Advancement of Science Leadership and Culture, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Steven G. Cresawn
- 20Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States
- Danielle M. Heller
- 19Center for the Advancement of Science Leadership and Culture, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Deborah Jacobs-Sera
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Graham F. Hatfull
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- David J. Asai
- 19Center for the Advancement of Science Leadership and Culture, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Viknesh Sivanathan
- 19Center for the Advancement of Science Leadership and Culture, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1279921
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 8
Abstract
Course-based research pedagogy involves positioning students as contributors to authentic research projects as part of an engaging educational experience that promotes their learning and persistence in science. To develop a model for assessing and grading students engaged in this type of learning experience, the assessment aims and practices of a community of experienced course-based research instructors were collected and analyzed. This approach defines four aims of course-based research assessment—(1) Assessing Laboratory Work and Scientific Thinking; (2) Evaluating Mastery of Concepts, Quantitative Thinking and Skills; (3) Appraising Forms of Scientific Communication; and (4) Metacognition of Learning—along with a set of practices for each aim. These aims and practices of assessment were then integrated with previously developed models of course-based research instruction to reveal an assessment program in which instructors provide extensive feedback to support productive student engagement in research while grading those aspects of research that are necessary for the student to succeed. Assessment conducted in this way delicately balances the need to facilitate students’ ongoing research with the requirement of a final grade without undercutting the important aims of a CRE education.
Keywords
- course-based research experience (CURE)
- science education
- assessment
- intergrated research and education community (iREC)
- grading