Зерновое хозяйство России (Nov 2022)
A new pea variety ‘Skif’
Abstract
The wide distribution of peas among leguminous crops relates to its diverse use. Grain is used for food and feed; green mass is an excellent high-protein animal feed. A significant role in improving productivity and increasing the gross harvest of peas is given to breeding by developing new productive varieties that are adaptive to cultivation conditions. Breeding made it possible to change the traditional leaf-type pea varieties with a large biomass to mustachioed forms with a determinate stem. New varieties have increased the gross harvest and the manufacturability of pea cultivation in аgricultural production. The development of such pea varieties is still relevant today. In this regard, the purpose of the current paper was to develop a new pea variety that combines high productivity, resistance to extreme environmental factors with high feed and nutritional traits.As a result of the breeding work, there has been developed a promising pea line ‘G-1002’, which was sent to the State Variety Testing of the Russian Federation under the name ‘Skif’ in 2021. In the Competitive Variety Testing (2019–2021), the variety’s yield was from 2.10 to 3.81 t/ha, which is higher than that of the standard variety ‘Aksaisky Usatyi 5’ (1.90–3.42 t/ha) on 0.23 t/ha on average over the years of testing. Analysis of the yield structure of the variety ‘Skif’ has shown that the yield increase of the variety ‘Skif’ was due to a higher seed productivity of one plant (2.4 g) and a larger number of seeds per plant (15.7 pcs.) than that of the standard variety ‘Aksaisky Usatyi 5’ (2.2 g and 13.0 pcs., respectively).The variety is characterized by a high potential for seed productivity, resistance to negative environmental effects, manufacturability, having a low stem, mustachioed leaves, and non-shattering seeds. The protein percentage in seeds ranged from 25.0 to 25.8 %. The positive qualities inherent in the variety make it possible to successfully cultivate it in the recommended cultivation regions, as well as to use it in further breeding process as an initial material. The calculation of economic efficiency of a variety cultivation showed an increase of up to 4000–5000 rubles per hectare.
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