Kējì Fǎxué Pínglùn (Dec 2007)
我國學術機構技術移轉機制實施成效與法律制度之檢討 A Study of Technology Transfer from Taiwan’s Academia to Private Industry and the Science and Technology Basic Act
Abstract
美國為促進學術機構對私人企業進行技術移轉，於1980 年12 月通過拜杜法案（the Bayh-Dole Act），拜杜法案改變過去美國聯邦政府將政府補助的研發成果歸屬國有的政策，除例外的情況外，允許學術機構擁有研發成果的專利權，因此，學術機構得以專屬授權的方式將其專利權再授予民間企業，以促進政府補助研發成果的有效利用。一般認為拜杜法案施行以來獲得良好的成效，故我國亦於1999 年1 月，仿效該法案通過科學技術基本法（下稱基本法），基本法第6 條即規定政府補助（含委辦、出資等其他補助形式）之 科學技術研究發展，其所獲得之智慧財產權與成果，得將全部或一部歸屬於研究機構或企業所有或授權使用，不受國有財產法之限制。該法通過後，行政院依同條第2 項，訂定政府科學技術研究發展成果歸屬及運用辦法，而經濟部、原子能委員會及農委會亦各自均制訂政府補助研發成果技術移轉的相關辦法，確立我國學術機構技術移轉的機制。 自基本法通過以來已歷八年有餘，其實施成效好壞如何應有客觀的分析統計資料以供認定，根據其實施成效之評量更可提供我們檢討改進基本法及相關辦法之重要參考。本文首先，介紹美國拜杜法案之立法背景及其實施成效，以闡明我國基本法的立法宗旨，並參酌OECD 報告，介紹各國仿效美國拜杜法案的類似法律實施情況；其次，綜合各種可得之相關數據，檢視基本法的實施成效；最後，根據與美國拜杜法案實施成效及與基本法之比較，反 思基本法與相關辦法之可資改進之處，以期健全我國學術機構技術移轉之機 制。 In 1980, the U.S. Congress passed the Bayh-Dole Act, which made a huge policy change in federal-sponsored research with regard to patent rights. The Act was designed to promote technology transfer by allowing universities and other academic institutes to retain titles to patents resulting from federally funded research. Prior to this Act, patent rights were retained by the federal agencies themselves. After the passage of this Act, universities are allowed to receive royalties from licensing patent rights to private sectors for further development and commercialization. It is believed that this Act generates valuable effects in terms of promoting commercial development of research results. Therefore, Taiwan also passed the Science and Technology Basic Act in January 2001, which adopts all fundamental principles of the Bayh-Dole Act. It is already more than 8 years since the passage of the Science and Technology Basic Act, and thus it is time to review its policy and determine whether it serves its legislative purposes. This article analyzes concrete data and concludes that the Science and Technology Basic Act does generate certain positive effects compared with other countries mimicking the Bayh-Dole Act, while also presents major proposed modification to deal with the shortage of this Act.
