Characteristics and Prognosis of a Contemporary Cohort with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructed Coronary Arteries (MINOCA) Presenting Different Patterns of Late Gadolinium Enhancements in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Background: To analyze the characteristics and prognosis of a contemporary cohort of patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructed coronaries (MINOCA) were referred for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, focusing on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) patterns. Methods: We retrospectively examined and prospectively followed up with 135 patients (49 ± 21 years old, 48% female) undergoing CMR imaging due to a MINOCA diagnosis from 2014 to 2016. We grouped and analyzed the sample according to ischemic (focal or transmural) and non-ischemic LGE patterns. The primary outcome was cardiac-related death; the secondary outcome was a composite of cardiac-related rehospitalizations, the new occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), or arrhythmias. Results: CMR exams were performed after a median of 28 days from the acute event. One-third of the ischemic MINOCA were first managed as myocarditis, while CMR helped to adopt a different therapy regimen in 22% of patients (30/135). After a median follow-up of 2.3 years, more cardiac-related deaths occurred in the ischemic than non-ischemic group (2 vs. 1, p = 0.36), but it was not statistically significant. The ischemic group also experienced more cardiac-related-rehospitalizations (42%, p < 0.001). In a multivariable Cox regression model, dyslipidemia, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, ST-elevation at the hospitalization, and the LGE transmural pattern were the independent predictors of cardiac-related rehospitalizations. Conclusions: In a contemporary cohort of MINOCA patients who underwent CMR, ischemic and non-ischemic patterns had distinct features and outcomes. Among the MINOCA patients, CMR can identify patients at higher risk who require more aggressive therapeutic approached and strict follow-up.

Keywords

• myocardial infarction with non-obstructed coronaries (MINOCA)
• cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
• late gadolinium enhancement patterns
• myocarditis