Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance

Abstract

The rising incidence of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) has been recognized as a global emergency. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, epidemiology and treatment options for BSI caused by GNB with DTR, namely extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriales; carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales; DTR Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and DTR Acinetobacter baumannii.

Keywords

• Gram-negative bacteria
• difficult to treat bacteria
• <i>Enterobacteriales</i>
• <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
• <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>