The study of the geographical differentiation of Siberian stone pine

Abstract

The phenology, productivity, intensity of gas exchange and resistance to biotic factors in climatic ecotypes of Siberian stone pine (Рinus sibirica Du Tour) from latitudinal (from the West Siberian forest tundra to the low mountains of the Western Sayan) and longitude (from the Urals to the Northern Baikal region) profiles were studied in the 30-year clone archive at the scientific field station «Kedr» of the Institute for Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It has been established that Siberian stone pine is characterized by a high level of hereditarily determined ecological and geographical differentiation in productivity and resistance to biotic factors (pests and fungi diseases) when growing vegetative progeny in the south of the forest zone. The main factor of differences between ecotypes is the heat supply of the growing season in their places of origin. It increases significantly more from north to south than from east to west. Therefore, the differences between latitudinal ecotypes are much greater than between longitudinal ecotypes. The intensity of respiration depends more than the intensity of photosynthesis on the climate in which a given population was formed. Ecotypes from cold habitats have significantly higher respiration costs. This is an important factor in reducing their productivity in warmer climates. Being weakened by the imbalance between photosynthesis and respiration, they are damaged by pests and diseases which becomes an important factor in further reducing productivity. In conditions of global warming, ecotypes from warmer climates are not inferior to the local ecotype in terms of resistance to biotic factors and surpass it in productivity. Therefore, they are recommended to be actively used for breeding.

Keywords

• рinus sibirica du tour
• geographical ecotypes
• productivity
• sustainability
• gas exchange
• photosynthesis
• respiration