Preparation of Sorbents Containing Straetlingite Phase from Zeolitic By-Product and Their Performance for Ammonium Ion Removal

Abstract

In this study, straetlingite-based sorbents were used for NH4+ ion removal from a synthetic aqueous solution and from the wastewater of an open recirculation African catfish farming system. This study was performed using column experiments with four different filtration rates (2, 5, 10, and 15 mL/min). It was determined that breakthrough points and sorption capacity could be affected by several parameters such as flow rate and mineral composition of sorption materials. In the synthetic aqueous solution, NH4+ removal reached the highest sorption capacity, i.e., 0.341 mg/g with the S30 sorbent at a filtration rate of 10 mL/min and an initial concentration of 10 mg/L of NH4+ ions. It is important to emphasize that, in this case, the Ce/C0 ratio of 0.9 was not reached after 420 min of sorption. It was also determined that the NH4+ sorption capacity was influenced by phosphorus. In the wastewater, the NH4+ sorption capacity was almost seven times lower than that in the synthetic aqueous solution. However, it should be highlighted that the P sorption capacity reached 0.512 mg/g. According to these results, it can be concluded that straetlingite-based sorbents can be used for NH4+ ion removal from a synthetic aqueous solution, as well as for both NH4+ and P removal from industrial wastewater. In the wastewater, a significantly higher sorption capacity of the investigated sorbents was detected for P than for NH4+.

Keywords

• fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts
• straetlingite
• removing NH₄⁺ ions
• P sorption