Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Pharmacology of Viniferin: Potential Resveratrol-Derived Molecules for New Drug Discovery, Development and Therapy
Shivkanya Fuloria,
Mahendran Sekar,
Farrah Syazana Khattulanuar,
Siew Hua Gan,
Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani,
Subban Ravi,
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan,
Srikanth Jeyabalan,
M. Yasmin Begum,
Kumarappan Chidambaram,
Kathiresan V. Sathasivam,
Sher Zaman Safi,
Yuan Seng Wu,
Rusli Nordin,
Mohammad Nazmul Hasan Maziz,
Vinoth Kumarasamy,
Pei Teng Lum,
Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
Affiliations
Shivkanya Fuloria
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
Mahendran Sekar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
Farrah Syazana Khattulanuar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
Siew Hua Gan
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
Subban Ravi
Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Srikanth Jeyabalan
Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
M. Yasmin Begum
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Kumarappan Chidambaram
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
Kathiresan V. Sathasivam
Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
Sher Zaman Safi
Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Yuan Seng Wu
Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
Rusli Nordin
Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammad Nazmul Hasan Maziz
Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Vinoth Kumarasamy
Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
Pei Teng Lum
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
Viniferin is a resveratrol derivative. Resveratrol is the most prominent stilbenoid synthesized by plants as a defense mechanism in response to microbial attack, toxins, infections or UV radiation. Different forms of viniferin exist, including alpha-viniferin (α-viniferin), beta-viniferin (β-viniferin), delta-viniferin (δ-viniferin), epsilon-viniferin (ε-viniferin), gamma-viniferin (γ-viniferin), R-viniferin (vitisin A), and R2-viniferin (vitisin B). All of these forms exhibit a range of important biological activities and, therefore, have several possible applications in clinical research and future drug development. In this review, we present a comprehensive literature search on the chemistry and biosynthesis of and the diverse studies conducted on viniferin, especially with regards to its anti-inflammatory, antipsoriasis, antidiabetic, antiplasmodic, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-melanogenic, neurodegenerative effects, antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiarrhea, anti-obesity and anthelminthic activities. In addition to highlighting its important chemical and biological activities, coherent and environmentally acceptable methods for establishing vinferin on a large scale are highlighted to allow the development of further research that can help to exploit its properties and develop new phyto-pharmaceuticals. Overall, viniferin and its derivatives have the potential to be the most effective nutritional supplement and supplementary medication, especially as a therapeutic approach. More researchers will be aware of viniferin as a pharmaceutical drug as a consequence of this review, and they will be encouraged to investigate viniferin and its derivatives as pharmaceutical drugs to prevent future health catastrophes caused by a variety of serious illnesses.
