Научный журнал Российского НИИ проблем мелиорации (Aug 2019)
SOYBEAN VARIETIES YIELD BY SPRINKLING AND DRIP IRRIGATION IN ROSTOV REGION
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study the production capability of promising soybean varieties on irrigated lands for the conditions of Rostov region, to improve the cultivation technology elements. The research was conducted in Kuibyshev and Oktyabrsky districts of Rostov region in 2015–2017. The soil cover of the studied plots is represented by ordinary chernozem on light clay and medium meadow-chernozem soil. In 2015–2016 under the conditions of Priazovskaya natural-agricultural zone, 11 soybean varieties irrigated by sprinkling and 4 soybean varieties irrigated by drip irrigation were studied. The field experiments were laid using the Dospekhov randomized method, phenological observations, growth and yield records were made using the National Crop Variety Testing method. The growing season of soybean varieties varied from 120 to 131 days. The maximum plant height was observed in the seed filling phase and varied from 75.5 to 104.6 cm in varieties cultivated under sprinkling irrigation and from 108.8 to 146.7 cm on the drip irrigation site. The required level of soil moisture of soybean varieties under drip irrigation was maintained by conducting 26 waterings at a rate of 120 cubic meters per hectare. At the same time, the irrigation rate was 3120 cubic meters per hectare, the total water consumption was 5296–5332 cubic meters per hectare, and the water consumption ratio was 1157–1426 cubic meters per ton. Grain harvest was formed depending on the variety at the level of 3.71–4.61 t/ha. The largest mass of 1000 grains was observed in the Selecta 302 and the CK 158 varieties – 438.0 and 461.0 g, respectively. When irrigating by sprinkling for two years, the yield of the best variety Slavia was 3.22 t/ha on average, while the total water consumption was 3241 cubic meters per hectare, and the water consumption ratio was 1006.5 cubic meters per ton. Thus, the cultivation of these promising soybean varieties on irrigated lands makes it possible to obtain a stable grain yield of 3.5–4.5 t/ha.
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