Microbiota of oral cavity ecosystems

Abstract

Introduction: the oral cavity is composed of many surfaces, each covered by a large number of bacteria forming the bacterial biofilm. Some of these bacteria have been implicated in oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis, which are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Objective: by conducting a bibliographic review about the microbiota of oral cavity ecosystems improve our knowledge about the functions of the oral microbiota. Methods: a bibliographic review was conducted from February to June 2016 about the main microorganisms involved in the various oral cavity ecosystems. The search was based on the following inclusion criteria: oral microbiota, normal flora of the oral cavity, oral microbiome, primary and secondary oral cavity ecosystems, commensal microorganisms of the oral cavity. The review was based on search engines and platforms HINARI, SciELO and MEDLINE, and included 49 high impact journals from the Web of Science in which the topic was dealt with. 91 % of the literature were publications from the last five years. Data analysis and integration: an analysis was performed of the composition of the oral microbiota of the various ecosystems in the oral cavity. Conclusions: knowledge about the oral microbiota is a valuable tool to accurately identify the bacteria involved in complex oral biofilms, allowing us to better understand oral pathology, make effective diagnoses, and determine whether the changes leading to disease occur first in the host or on a microbial level.

Keywords

• biofilm
• ecosistema
• metagenómica
• microbiota oral.