Comparison of Computed Tomography and Clinical Features Between Patients Infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Variant and the Original Strain

Abstract

Yue Zhang,1,* Qi Li,1,* Jiang-Lin Xiang,2 Xing-Hua Li,1 Jing Li3 1Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Disease, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical Department, Liangjiang New Area Renhe Community Health Service Center, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jing Li, Medical Department, Liangjiang New Area Renhe Community Health Service center, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Email [email protected] Xing-Hua Li, Tel [phone], Email [email protected]: To investigate potential differences in clinical and computed tomography (CT) features between patients with the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant and the original strain.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 69 hospitalized patients infected with Omicron variant from November to December 2022, and 96 hospitalized patients infected with the original strain from February to March 2020 in Chongqing, China. The clinical features, CT manifestations, degrees of lung involvement in different stages on CT, and imaging changes after the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results turned negative were compared between the two groups.Results: For clinical features, patients with Omicron were predominantly old people and females, without manifestation of any clinical symptoms, who had low serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Shorter interval from symptoms onset to initial CT scan was observed in Omicron patients compared to patients with the original strain (all P < 0.05). For CT features, patients with Omicron were more likely to present with round-like opacities and tree-in-bud pattern (all P < 0.05), but less likely to exhibit a diffuse distribution, patchy and linear opacities, as well as vascular enlargement pattern (all P < 0.05). The Omicron group was more susceptible to exhibiting lower CT involvement scores in each stage (all P < 0.05) and imaging progression after the RT-PCR results turned negative (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Patients infected with the Omicron variant exhibited less severe changes on chest CT compared to those infected with the original strain. Furthermore, imaging progression under low viral load conditions was more common in patients with Omicron than in those with the original strain.Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, pneumonia, computed tomography

Keywords

• severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
• pneumonia
• computed tomography