An Empirical Model to Predict Chloride Penetrations in Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash Based on 10-Year Exposure Under Marine Environment

Abstract

Abstract The main objective of this study is to develop an empirical model for predicting the chloride penetration into concrete exposed to the sea water along shorelines. Concrete mixed with 0–50% of palm oil fuel ash, using W/B ratio of 0.40–0.50 were examined. Available database of concrete samples under the sea water submersion at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years was collected. The study found that the developed empirical model could predict total chloride content in palm oil fuel ash concrete at any position below the concrete surface, which had been submerged under sea water for 1 year and over. The W/B ratio is also limited between 0.40 and 0.50. Application of this model is valid in the situation where penetration of chloride is in one direction. It was also shown that the margin of errors in this study is within ± 35% range when compared to the results presented by other researchers.

Keywords

• Empirical model
• Chloride prediction
• Chloride penetration
• Palm oil fuel ash
• Marine site