The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
CEERS Key Paper. V. Galaxies at 4 < z < 9 Are Bluer than They Appear–Characterizing Galaxy Stellar Populations from Rest-frame ∼1 μm Imaging
- Casey Papovich,
- Justin W. Cole,
- Guang Yang,
- Steven L. Finkelstein,
- Guillermo Barro,
- Véronique Buat,
- Denis Burgarella,
- Pablo G. Pérez-González,
- Paola Santini,
- Lise-Marie Seillé,
- Lu Shen,
- Pablo Arrabal Haro,
- Micaela B. Bagley,
- Eric F. Bell,
- Laura Bisigello,
- Antonello Calabrò,
- Caitlin M. Casey,
- Marco Castellano,
- Katherine Chworowsky,
- Nikko J. Cleri,
- Luca Costantin,
- M. C. Cooper,
- Mark Dickinson,
- Henry C. Ferguson,
- Adriano Fontana,
- Mauro Giavalisco,
- Andrea Grazian,
- Norman A. Grogin,
- Nimish P. Hathi,
- Benne W. Holwerda,
- Taylor A. Hutchison,
- Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe,
- Lisa J. Kewley,
- Allison Kirkpatrick,
- Dale D. Kocevski,
- Anton M. Koekemoer,
- Rebecca L. Larson,
- Arianna S. Long,
- Ray A. Lucas,
- Laura Pentericci,
- Nor Pirzkal,
- Swara Ravindranath,
- Rachel S. Somerville,
- Jonathan R. Trump,
- Stephanie M. Urbano Stawinski,
- Benjamin J. Weiner,
- Stephen M. Wilkins,
- L. Y. Aaron Yung,
- Jorge A. Zavala
Affiliations
- Casey Papovich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA ; [email protected]; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 USA
- Justin W. Cole
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA ; [email protected]; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 USA
- Guang Yang
- ORCiD
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Steven L. Finkelstein
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Guillermo Barro
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of the Pacific , Stockton, CA 90340 USA
- Véronique Buat
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, France
- Denis Burgarella
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, France
- Pablo G. Pérez-González
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain
- Paola Santini
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Lise-Marie Seillé
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, France
- Lu Shen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA ; [email protected]; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 USA
- Pablo Arrabal Haro
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Micaela B. Bagley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Eric F. Bell
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA
- Laura Bisigello
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G.Galilei,” Universitá di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy; INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy
- Antonello Calabrò
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Caitlin M. Casey
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Marco Castellano
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Katherine Chworowsky
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Nikko J. Cleri
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA ; [email protected]; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 USA
- Luca Costantin
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain
- M. C. Cooper
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Mark Dickinson
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Henry C. Ferguson
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Adriano Fontana
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Mauro Giavalisco
- ORCiD
- University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA
- Andrea Grazian
- ORCiD
- INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy
- Norman A. Grogin
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Nimish P. Hathi
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Benne W. Holwerda
- ORCiD
- Physics & Astronomy Department, University of Louisville , 40292 KY, Louisville, USA
- Taylor A. Hutchison
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
- ORCiD
- Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Lisa J. Kewley
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Allison Kirkpatrick
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Dale D. Kocevski
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College , Waterville, ME 04901, USA
- Anton M. Koekemoer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Rebecca L. Larson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Arianna S. Long
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Ray A. Lucas
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Laura Pentericci
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Nor Pirzkal
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; ESA/AURA Space Telescope Science Institute , USA
- Swara Ravindranath
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Rachel S. Somerville
- ORCiD
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Jonathan R. Trump
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, 196 Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Stephanie M. Urbano Stawinski
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Benjamin J. Weiner
- ORCiD
- MMT/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Stephen M. Wilkins
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK; Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta , Msida MSD 2080, Malta
- L. Y. Aaron Yung
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Jorge A. Zavala
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc948
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 949,
no. 2
p. L18
Abstract
We present results from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Survey on the stellar population parameters for 28 galaxies with redshifts 4 < z < 9 using imaging data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) combined with data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The JWST/MIRI 5.6 and 7.7 μ m data extend the coverage of the rest-frame spectral energy distribution to nearly 1 μ m for galaxies in this redshift range. By modeling the galaxies’ SEDs the MIRI data show that the galaxies have, on average, rest-frame UV (1600 Å)— I -band colors 0.4 mag bluer than derived when using photometry that lacks MIRI. Therefore, the galaxies have lower ratios of stellar mass to light. The MIRI data reduce the stellar masses by $\langle {\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{log}{M}_{* }\rangle =0.25$ dex at 4 < z < 6 and 0.37 dex at 6 < z < 9. This also reduces the star formation rates (SFRs) by 〈ΔlogSFR〉 = 0.14 dex at 4 < z < 6 and 0.27 dex at 6 < z < 9. The MIRI data also improve constraints on the allowable stellar mass formed in early star formation. We model this using a star formation history that includes both a “burst” at z _f = 100 and a slowly varying (“delayed- τ ”) model. The MIRI data reduce the allowable stellar mass by 0.6 dex at 4 < z < 6 and by ≈1 dex at 6 < z < 9. Applying these results globally, this reduces the cosmic stellar-mass density by an order of magnitude in the early Universe ( z ≈ 9). Therefore, observations of rest-frame ≳1 μ m are paramount for constraining the stellar-mass buildup in galaxies at very high redshifts.
Keywords