NIHR Open Research (May 2025)

Helmet (Health impact of e-bikes and e-scooters) study: Data collection methods and information gathered for the evaluation of the introduction of share hire schemes [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

  • James Garbutt,
  • Miranda EG Armstrong,
  • Ben Spencer,
  • Tim Jones,
  • Sabina Sanghera,
  • Ian Philips,
  • Rayne Roberts,
  • Lesley Welch,
  • Ruth Salway,
  • Frank de Vocht,
  • Russell Jago

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 5

Abstract

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Background This study aimed to collect information on e-bike and e-scooter use in areas with and without e-bike (EB) and e-bike plus e-scooter (EB+ES) combined share-hire schemes. Methods This study employed a repeated cross-sectional design. An online survey asking questions about demographics, travel, and health was completed by people in August and September 2023 before the schemes were launched in Bristol (EB+ES) and Leeds (EB), with Bradford and Sheffield as control sites. A resurvey was conducted at the same sites one year later, but also in Bath (EB+ES) and Plymouth (EB). We also interviewed eight e-bike and e-scooter users and non-users in Bristol (n=4) and Leeds (n=4). Results Following data cleaning, 3771 remained in the baseline sample and 5370 remained in the resurvey sample. The majority of participants reported having never used an e-bike (baseline: 61%; resurvey: 69%) or e-scooter (baseline: 77%; resurvey: 84%). At baseline, the most common e-bike access route was the use of their own e-bike (45%), with access via a share-hire scheme lower at 25%. In the resurvey sample, access levels were similar via a share-hire scheme (38%) and personal e-bikes (36%). The most common e-scooter access route was a share-hire scheme (baseline: 60%; resurvey: 74%). The most common weekly e-bike and e-scooter destinations were leisure/leisure venues, followed by work/education and shopping/errands. Half said they would not use an e-bike scheme and 63% indicated they would not use an e-scooter scheme. Potential users were willing to walk ~500 m to access an e-bike/e-scooter. Interviewees generally supported share-hire schemes, seeing them as a good addition to the wider transport offer, but with more support for e-bikes and reservations around e-scooters. Conclusions These data will be important for a later evaluation of EB and EB+ES share-hire schemes on public health, social, economic, and environmental factors.

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