Enhanced biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of mesoporous magnesium silicate/polycaprolactone/wheat protein composite scaffolds

Abstract

Yun Gyeong Kang,1 Jie Wei,2 Ji Won Shin,1 Yan Ru Wu,3 Jiacan Su,4 Young Shik Park,5 Jung-Woog Shin1,3,6 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea; 2Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; 3Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; 5School of Biological Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea; 6Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center/Institute of Aged Life Redesign/UHARC, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea Background: Successful bone tissue engineering using scaffolds is primarily dependent on the properties of the scaffold, including biocompatibility, highly interconnected porosity, and mechanical integrity. Methods: In this study, we propose new composite scaffolds consisting of mesoporous magnesium silicate (m_MS), polycaprolactone (PCL), and wheat protein (WP) manufactured by a rapid prototyping technique to provide a micro/macro porous structure. Experimental groups were set based on the component ratio: (1) WP0% (m_MS:PCL:WP =30:70:0 weight per weight; w/w); (2) WP15% (m_MS:PCL:WP =30:55:15 w/w); (3) WP30% (m_MS:PCL:WP =30:40:30 w/w). Results: Evaluation of the properties of fabricated scaffolds indicated that increasing the amount of WP improved the surface hydrophilicity and biodegradability of m_MS/PCL/WP composites, while reducing the mechanical strength. Moreover, experiments were performed to confirm the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) according to the component ratio of the scaffold. The results confirmed that the content of WP affects proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Based on the last day of the experiment, ie, the 14th day, the proliferation based on the amount of DNA was the best in the WP30% group, but all of the markers measured by PCR were the most expressed in the WP15% group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the m_MS/PCL/WP composite is a promising candidate for use as a scaffold in cell-based bone regeneration. Keywords: mesoporous magnesium silicate, wheat protein, scaffold, bone tissue engineering, osteogenic differentiation 

Keywords

• mesoporous magnesium silicate
• wheat protein
• scaffold
• bone tissue engineering
• osteogenic differentiation