Alterations of lung microbiota in lung transplant recipients with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Qiaoyan Lian; Xiuling Song; Juhua Yang; Lulin Wang; Peihang Xu; Xiaohua Wang; Xin Xu; Bin Yang; Jianxing He; Chunrong Ju

doi:10.1186/s12931-024-02755-9

Respiratory Research (Mar 2024)

Alterations of lung microbiota in lung transplant recipients with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Qiaoyan Lian,
Xiuling Song,
Juhua Yang,
Lulin Wang,
Peihang Xu,
Xiaohua Wang,
Xin Xu,
Bin Yang,
Jianxing He,
Chunrong Ju

Affiliations

Qiaoyan Lian: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
Xiuling Song: Vision Medicals Co., Ltd
Juhua Yang: Vision Medicals Co., Ltd
Lulin Wang: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
Peihang Xu: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
Xiaohua Wang: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
Xin Xu: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
Bin Yang: Vision Medicals Co., Ltd
Jianxing He: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
Chunrong Ju: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02755-9
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 25, no. 1
pp. 1 – 13

Abstract

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Abstract Background Increasing evidence revealed that lung microbiota dysbiosis was associated with pulmonary infection in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that frequently causes lethal pneumonia in LTRs. However, the lung microbiota in LTRs with P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains unknow. Methods In this prospective observational study, we performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on 72 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 61 LTRs (20 with PJP, 22 with PJC, 19 time-matched stable LTRs, and 11 from LTRs after PJP recovery). We compared the lung microbiota composition of LTRs with and without P. jirovecii, and analyzed the related clinical variables. Results BALFs collected at the episode of PJP showed a more discrete distribution with a lower species diversity, and microbiota composition differed significantly compared to P. jirovecii colonization (PJC) and control group. Human gammaherpesvirus 4, Phreatobacter oligotrophus, and Pseudomonas balearica were the differential microbiota species between the PJP and the other two groups. The network analysis revealed that most species had a positive correlation, while P. jirovecii was correlated negatively with 10 species including Acinetobacter venetianus, Pseudomonas guariconensis, Paracandidimonas soli, Acinetobacter colistiniresistens, and Castellaniella defragrans, which were enriched in the control group. The microbiota composition and diversity of BALF after PJP recovery were also different from the PJP and control groups, while the main components of the PJP recovery similar to control group. Clinical variables including age, creatinine, total protein, albumin, IgG, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CD3+CD45+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells were deeply implicated in the alterations of lung microbiota in LTRs. Conclusions This study suggests that LTRs with PJP had altered lung microbiota compared to PJC, control, and after recovery groups. Furthermore, lung microbiota is related to age, renal function, nutritional and immune status in LTRs.

Published in Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-9921 (Print); 1465-993X (Online)
Publisher: BMC
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Specialties of internal medicine: Diseases of the respiratory system
Website: https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/

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