Clinicopathological Analysis and Demographic Features of Ocular Malignancies

Abstract

Abdullah Al-Mujaini,1 Rajendra Prakash Maurya,2 Sanjay Bosak,2 Manish Kumar Karan,2 Meghna Roy,2 Virendra Pratap Singh,2 Mahendra Kumar Singh,2 Ajay Kumar,3 Samer Singh4 1Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; 2Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; 3Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; 4Centre for Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaCorrespondence: Rajendra Prakash Maurya; Samer Singh Email [email protected]; [email protected]: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinicopathological spectrum of ocular malignancies among patients presenting to a teaching hospital in Northern India.Methods: A total of 246 histopathologically diagnosed patients with ocular malignancies were included in the study. Tumor type and size, primary origin and location of tumor, clinical staging, radiological findings, histopathological type, and treatment outcomes were assessed.Results: Overall, males over 55 years of age were most commonly affected and the majority of cases were primary ocular or adnexal malignancies (n = 226; 91.87%). The eyelids and periocular structures (n = 92; 37.40%) were the most commonly involved site, followed by the orbit (n = 72; 29.27%), ocular surface (n = 46; 18.70%) and intraocular region (n = 36; 14.63%). The majority of the patients (n = 68; 27.64%) were managed by primary surgical excision and reconstruction. However, 46 patients (18.70%) with advanced lesions underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical excision and more extensive orbital lesions were treated by exenteration followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (n=48; 19.51%), while patients with metastatic tumor were given palliative chemotherapy/external beam radiation therapy (n= 46; 18.70%). Overall, 45.12% of patients were cured completely, 15.45% showed a partial response to the treatment, 13.04% had progressive disease and 16.67% demonstrated disease recurrence.Conclusion: A clinicopathological analysis of ocular malignancies at a teaching hospital in Northern India indicated the preponderance of primary ocular malignancies, with eyelid sebaceous gland carcinomas being the most common pathological diagnosis. Most of our patients had advanced and extensive disease among them majority belonged to the rural background and poor socio-economic status.Keywords: ocular malignancy, tumors, diagnosis, primary cancer, sebaceous gland carcinoma, neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Keywords

• ocular malignancy
• tumors
• diagnosis
• primary cancer
• sebaceous gland carcinoma
• neoadjuvant chemotherapy.