The Protective Effect of Echinochrome A on Extracellular Matrix of Vocal Folds in Ovariectomized Rats
Ji Min Kim,
Jeong Hun Kim,
Sung-Chan Shin,
Gi Cheol Park,
Hyung Sik Kim,
Keunyoung Kim,
Hyoung Kyu Kim,
Jin Han,
Natalia P. Mishchenko,
Elena A. Vasileva,
Sergey A. Fedoreyev,
Valentin A. Stonik,
Byung-Joo Lee
Affiliations
Ji Min Kim
Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
Jeong Hun Kim
Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
Sung-Chan Shin
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
Gi Cheol Park
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Korea
Hyung Sik Kim
Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
Keunyoung Kim
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
Hyoung Kyu Kim
National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), Inje University, Busan 47391, Korea
Jin Han
National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), Inje University, Busan 47391, Korea
Natalia P. Mishchenko
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
Elena A. Vasileva
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
Sergey A. Fedoreyev
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
Valentin A. Stonik
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
Byung-Joo Lee
Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
Here, we investigated the effects of sex hormones on extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression in the vocal fold lamina propria of ovariectomized (after ovary removal) rats and verified whether echinochrome A (ECH) exerts any therapeutic effects on ECM reconstitution after estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats. Sprague−Dawley female rats (9 weeks old) were acclimatized for a week and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 each group) as follows: group I (sham-operated rats, SHAM), group II (ovariectomized rats, OVX), group III (ovariectomized rats treated with ECH, OVX + ECH). Rats from the OVX + ECH group were intraperitoneally injected with ECH at 10 mg/kg thrice a week after surgery for 6 weeks. And rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after ovariectomy. Estradiol levels decreased in OVX group compared with the SHAM group. ECH treatment had no effect on the levels of estradiol and expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ). The evaluation of ECM components showed no significant changes in elastin and hyaluronic acid levels between the different groups. Collagen I and III levels were lower in OVX group than in SHAM group but increased in OVX + ECH group. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -8, and -9 were significantly higher in the OVX group than in the SHAM group, but decreased in the OVX + ECH group. Thus, changes were observed in ECM-related genes in the OVX group upon estradiol deficiency that were ameliorated by ECH administration. Thus, the vocal fold is an estradiol-sensitive target organ and ECH may have protective effects on the ECM of vocal folds in ovariectomized rats.
