Efficacy and toxicity of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement remain understudied. Here we analyzed the outcomes of CAR-T cell therapy in r/r DLBCL patients with CNS involvement and compared them with patients without CNS disease. Retrospective and monocentric comparative analysis of patient cohort with r/r DLBCL treated with CAR-T cell therapy: 15 patients with CNS versus 65 patients without CNS involvement. Overall response rates (80% versus 80%; P = 1.0), progression-free survival (P = 0.157), and overall survival (P = 0.393) were comparable for both cohorts. The frequency of cytokine release syndrome was comparable in the CNS and non-CNS cohorts; 93% versus 80%; P = 1.0. Numerically, immune effector-cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (all grades) was more frequent in patients with CNS manifestation (53% versus 29%; P = 0.063), although no grade 4 events were documented. Our study suggests that CAR-T cell therapy is effective and feasible in patients with r/r DLBCL and CNS manifestation.
