Toward ZEB: A Mathematical Programing-, Simulation-, and AHP-Based Comprehensive Framework for Building Retrofitting

Abstract

Because of their significant energy consumption and its economic and environmental impacts, existing buildings offer decision makers opportunities and challenges at the same time. In fact, there is a worldwide effort to improve the energy performance of the existing buildings as well as the new ones to achieve zero-energy buildings. In this paper, a framework for retrofitting existing buildings to help achieve the goal of zero-energy buildings is presented. The framework details the different steps required to develop and implement a successful retrofitting plan for both residential and commercial buildings. This includes data collection, life cycle cost calculation, building simulation, and multi-criteria decision making using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). At the end of the paper, a case study is detailed to show the different steps necessary to select a successful retrofitting plan that reflects the decision maker’s objectives. The case study resulted in a retrofitting plan that offers a yearly energy savings of 30% and a payback period of 2.2 years.

Keywords

• building retrofitting
• life cycle cost analysis
• mathematical programing
• thermal comfort
• visual comfort
• AHP