Driving mechanisms of soil bacterial α and β diversity under long-term nitrogen addition: Subtractive heterogenization based on the environment selection
Zhu Yang,
Handan Dai,
Yongtao Huang,
Biao Dong,
Shenglei Fu,
Chenlu Zhang,
Xiaowei Li,
Yuhua Tan,
Xiaoxin Zhang,
Xiao Zhang
Affiliations
Zhu Yang
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Handan Dai
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Yongtao Huang
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Biao Dong
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Shenglei Fu
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Chenlu Zhang
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Xiaowei Li
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Yuhua Tan
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Xiaoxin Zhang
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Xiao Zhang
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Qinling National Forest Research Station, Shaanxi 711600, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Soil bacterial α and β diversity patterns under nitrogen (N) addition have been intensively examined, but γ diversity patterns remain largely unknown, especially, the mechanisms that concurrently control changes in α, β and γ diversity remain elusive. Therefore, we formulated a conceptual framework that simultaneously considers candidate drivers including ubiquitous species, rare species, and community assembly processes to elucidate the driving mechanisms of α, β and γ diversity under N addition. The conceptual framework was tested by compiling the sequence data of seven studies published from January 1997 to May 2022 and following the same analysis as our own two long-term multilevel N addition experiments. We demonstrate that subtractive heterogenization based on environment selection simultaneously predicts the changes in α, β and γ diversity under long-term N addition. That is, long-term N addition led to the decline of ubiquitous species (subtractive processes) through low soil pH, and promoted the strength of heterogeneous selection (heterogeneous processes) via enhancing environmental heterogeneity, subsequently causing lower α diversity and γ diversity but higher β diversity. These results mean that N addition may lead to a significant loss of soil bacterial diversity around the world. Together, these findings offer a way to simultaneously predict soil bacterial α, β and γ diversity responses to the ongoing atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
