Engineered nanoparticles a novel approach in alleviating abiotic and biotic stress in millets: A complete study
Narender Mohan,
Jyoti Ahlawat,
Lochan Sharma,
Ajay Pal,
Prateek,
Pankaj Rao,
Mandeep Redhu,
Vikram Singh,
Neelam Rani,
Kajal Kumari,
Taranjeet Kaur,
Jogender,
Sapna Yadav
Affiliations
Narender Mohan
Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India; Corresponding author.
Jyoti Ahlawat
Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of agricultural sciences, GD Goenka university, Sohna, Haryana 122103, India
Lochan Sharma
Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Ajay Pal
Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Prateek
Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Basic and applied sciences, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan 324005, India
Pankaj Rao
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Mandeep Redhu
Department of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 4416, USA
Vikram Singh
Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Neelam Rani
Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheswar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
Kajal Kumari
Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Taranjeet Kaur
Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Jogender
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
Sapna Yadav
Department of Plant Physiology, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
Millets are a group of cereal crops that are known for their hardiness and ability to grow in harsh environments with limited resources. However, they still face various abiotic and biotic stresses that can significantly impact their growth and yield. In recent years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has emerged as a promising approach for alleviating such stresses in millets. ENPs are particles that have been intentionally engineered to have specific properties and functionalities. They are often made of metals, metal oxides, or carbon-based materials and are typically less than 100 nanometers in size. ENPs can interact with crop plants and the environment in unique ways, making them a potentially powerful tool for agricultural applications. This review entails several investigations that have studied the use of ENPs in mitigating abiotic stresses such as water deficit, salinity, heat, heavy metal toxicity, etc. in millets that emerged due to changing climate. It has been shown that the application of nanoparticles can improve water, and nutrient-use efficiency along with better resilience to stresses in millets under changing climatic conditions. It also explores the potential of nanoparticles to protect millets against biotic stresses such as pests and diseases. For instance, the use of nanoparticles has been publicized to significantly minimize the reduction caused by fungal, microbial, and insecticidal attacks in millets. In conclusion, the review circumscribes the use of ENPs in millet agriculture showing promising results in alleviating both abiotic and biotic stresses. It also includes insights into uptake mechanism and their mode of action in millet plants after application along with the risks of use and their management strategies as well. This work could have a substantial impact on millet farming in the future by improving yield, resilience, and crop stress studies. It is also imperative to account that the use of ENPs in agriculture should be approached with caution and guided by rigorous safety and risk assessments.
