Impact of COVID-19 on HIV service delivery in Miami-Dade County: a mixed methods study

Abstract

Abstract Background Facilitating access to HIV prevention and treatment is imperative in Miami-Dade County (MDC), a U.S. HIV epicenter. With COVID-19, disruptions to these services have occurred, leading HIV organizations to innovate and demonstrate resilience. This study documented COVID-19 related disruptions and resilient innovations in HIV services within MDC. Methods This mixed methods cross-sectional study included HIV test counselors in MDC. In the quantitative component (N=106), participants reported COVID-19 impacts on HIV service delivery. Data visualization examined patterns within organizations and throughout the study period. Generalized estimating equation modeling examined differences in service disruptions and innovations. In the qualitative component, participants (N=20) completed interviews regarding COVID-19 impacts on HIV services. Rapid qualitative analysis was employed to analyze interviews. Results Quantitative data showed that innovations generally matched or outpaced disruptions, demonstrating resilience on HIV service delivery during COVID-19. HIV testing (36%, 95%CI[28%, 46%]) and STI testing (42%, 95%CI[33%, 52%]) were most likely to be disrupted. Sexual/reproductive health (45%, 95%CI[35%, 55%]), HIV testing (57%, 95%CI[47%,66%]), HIV case management (51%, 95%CI[41%, 60%]), PrEP initiation (47%, 95%CI[37%,57%]), and STI testing (47%, 95%CI[37%, 57%]) were most likely to be innovated. Qualitative analysis revealed three orthogonal themes related to 1) disruptions (with five sub-components), 2) resilient innovations (with four sub-components), and 3) emerging and ongoing health disparities. Conclusions HIV organizations faced service disruptions during COVID-19 while also meaningfully innovating. Our findings point to potential changes in policy and practice that could be maintained beyond the immediate impacts of COVID-19 to enhance the resilience of HIV services. Aligning with the US Ending the HIV Epidemic Plan and the National Strategy for HIV/AIDS, capitalizing on the observed innovations would facilitate improved HIV-related health services for people living in MDC and beyond.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• HIV prevention
• HIV treatment
• Implementation
• Service delivery