Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología (Jan 2012)
Hijo de madre adolescente: riesgos, morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal
Abstract
Antecedentes: El embarazo en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública por las consecuencias para el binomio madre-hijo. Objetivo: Determinar las características y riesgos en madres adolescentes y sus hijos (antropometría, condición de nacimiento y morbi-mortalidad), en comparación con un grupo de madres adultas control de 20-34 años. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva con 379 hijos de mujeres adolescentes y 928 adultas. Los datos fueron analizados empleando mediana, promedio y medidas de dispersión, pruebas t-test no pareado o Wilcoxon rank-sum (Prueba de Mann-Whitney), ANOVA o Kruskall-Wallis, Chi2 o Exacta de Fisher, riesgo relativo y riesgo atribuible a la exposición porcentual con sus intervalos de confianza de 95%. Resultados: Entre adolescentes hubo mayor número de madres solteras (25,6%), menor escolaridad y seguridad social en salud (25,9%) (pBackground: Adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem because of the consequences for mother and child. Objective: To determine the characteristics and risks in adolescent mothers and their children's (anthropometry, birth status, morbidity and mortality) compared with a group of older mothers 20-34 years and control their children. Methods: Prospective cohort study with 379 children and 928 adult female adolescents. Data were analyzed using median, mean and dispersion measures, tests unpaired t-test or Wil-coxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney test), ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, Chi2 or Fisher's exact, relative risk and attributable risk percentage exposure with confidence intervals of 95%. Results: Among adolescents there were more single mothers (25.6%), lower education and social health insurance (25.9%) (p<0.05). In early adolescents were more cases of preeclampsia (26.3%) and preterm labor (10.5%). Among teenage mothers, 30.9% of the children were premature, and had more heart disease, bacterial infections, syphilis, and congenital cleft lip and palate and higher mortality when compared with children of older mothers (p<0.05). Conclusions: Teenage motherhood carries greater health risks to themselves and their children, increasing morbidity, mortality, with a perspective of social exclusion throughout life, as most are poor, poorly educated and single mothers without partner.
