Epistasis for head morphology in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Abstract

AbstractEpistasis—gene–gene interaction—is common for mutations with large phenotypic effects in humans and model organisms. Epistasis impacts quantitative genetic models of speciation, response to natural and artificial selection, genetic mapping, and personalized medicine. However, the existence and magnitude of epistasis between alleles with small quantitative phenotypic effects are controversial and difficult to assess. Here, we use the Drosophila melanogasterjing and inv