Development of synthesized fuels based on diesel by incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles, surfactant and ethyl acetate

S. Baskar; Mohd. Majid; Arasu Raman; L. Ganesh Babu; Mahalingam Selvaraj; Padmanabhan Sambandam; N. Punitha; S. Vijayaraj; M. Anish; J.R. Deepak

Results in Engineering (Dec 2024)

Development of synthesized fuels based on diesel by incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles, surfactant and ethyl acetate

S. Baskar,
Mohd. Majid,
Arasu Raman,
L. Ganesh Babu,
Mahalingam Selvaraj,
Padmanabhan Sambandam,
N. Punitha,
S. Vijayaraj,
M. Anish,
J.R. Deepak

Affiliations

S. Baskar: Research Faculty, School of Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai, India; Research Fellow, INTI International University, Putra Nilai 71800, Malaysia; Corresponding author at: School of Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai, India.
Mohd. Majid: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, India
Arasu Raman: Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Putra Nilai 71800, Malaysia
L. Ganesh Babu: Department of Robotics and Automation, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602 105, India
Mahalingam Selvaraj: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem, India
Padmanabhan Sambandam: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India; Corresponding authors.
N. Punitha: Department of Physics, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India
S. Vijayaraj: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai, India
M. Anish: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India; Corresponding authors.
J.R. Deepak: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 24
p. 103633

Abstract

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A study investigated the performance effects of non-stabilized and surfactant-stabilized nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence and absence of ethyl acetate to optimize diesel fuel attributes. Various concentrations of NPs were added to diesel as the base material, with Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) used to assess nanofuel stability. Results showed that diesel containing modified 15–20 nm NPs, along with blended diesel fuel (BDF) with a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value of 7.9, exhibited the highest stability over 48 h. The inclusion of NPs positively impacted parameters like calculated cetane index (CCI), initial boiling point (IBP), flash point, density, and viscosity. However, it reduced volatility and pour point. Tween 80 and Span 80 reduced CCI, volatility, and pour point while increasing flash point, density, and kinematic viscosity. Ethyl acetate did not notably affect volatility, density, or viscosity but improved cold-cranking index (CCI) and pour point during combustion by acting as an oxygen buffer. It also showed potential in reducing carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) in exhaust emissions

Published in Results in Engineering

ISSN: 2590-1230 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Technology
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/results-in-engineering

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