Functional MRI reveals brain activation patterns associated with optimization of spinal cord stimulation parameters in treating chronic pain

• Artur Vetkas,
• Cletus Cheyuo,
• Ajmal Zemmar,
• Brendan Santyr,
• Clement T. Chow,
• Sriranga Kashyap,
• Benson Yang,
• Mia Mojica,
• Alexandre Boutet,
• Can Sarica,
• Jürgen Germann,
• Stefan Lang,
• Mohammad M. Hajiabadi,
• Andrew Z. Yang,
• Simon J. Graham,
• Kâmil Uludağ,
• Anuj Bhatia,
• Andres M. Lozano

Affiliations

Artur Vetkas

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Cletus Cheyuo

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA

Ajmal Zemmar

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA

Brendan Santyr

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

Clement T. Chow

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Sriranga Kashyap

Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

Benson Yang

Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mia Mojica

Slaight Family Centre for Advanced MRI, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

Alexandre Boutet

Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Can Sarica

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jürgen Germann

Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stefan Lang

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Mohammad M. Hajiabadi

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Andrew Z. Yang

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Simon J. Graham

Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kâmil Uludağ

Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Anuj Bhatia

Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Andres M. Lozano

Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Corresponding author. University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital , 399 Bathurst St, West Wing 4-431, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.