Phytochemical and biological studies of salvia chorasanica

Abstract

Background: Salvia chorasanica is a perennial herb endemic to Iran, which grows wild. Due to the lack of data on S. chorasanica, the present work focused on chemical composition, as well as antioxidant and antibacterial properties of essential oil and five extracts from aerial parts of S. chorasanica. Methods: The analysis of chemical composition was done using gas chromatography (GC), GC–mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, antibacterial activities were investigated using the disk-diffusion method. Results: The essential oil analysis indicated that (-)-spathulenol, (-)-caryophyllene oxide, and (E)-caryophyllene were the major compounds. The extracts analysis indicated that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had high phenolic compounds, and rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were identified as main phenolic compounds. The biological results showed that the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in the ethyl acetate extract. n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts were highly active against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus pumilus bacteria. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the phytochemical compositions and biological activities of S. chorasanica could be changed using different extraction solvents.

Keywords

• antibacterial
• antioxidant
• rosmarinic acid
• salvia