Revista de Saúde Pública (Feb 2004)
Padrão temporal das internações e óbitos por diarréia em crianças, 1995 a 1998, Rio de Janeiro Temporal pattern of diarrhea hospitalizations and deaths in children, 1995 to 1998, Brazil
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão temporal dos óbitos e internações, no período de 1995 a 1998, associadas à diarréia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade para subsidiar ações específicas de prevenção e controle dessa doença. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH) do Ministério da Saúde. As séries mensais de internações e de óbitos por diarréia foram decompostas em componentes de tendência linear estocástica, sazonalidade determinística e irregularidades mediante a aplicação dos modelos estruturais para análise de séries temporais. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de ambas as séries apresentaram mudanças ao longo do tempo, com declínio mais perceptível na série de internações. A variação das taxas de inclinação foi constante para cada uma das séries, em média, a menos 5,3 internações por mês (p-valor OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal pattern of hospitalization and deaths due to diarrhea among children less than five years old between 1995 and 1998 to support specific prevention actions and disease control strategies. METHODS: Data was collected from the Ministry of Health's Mortality Data System and Hospitalization Data System. Monthly time series of diarrhea hospitalizations and deaths were decomposed into stochastic linear trend, deterministic seasonal and irregular components using structural time series models. RESULTS: The levels of both series showed a decline in time. This pattern being more evident in the hospitalization series. The slope variation was constant in both series; on average less than 5.3 hospitalizations/month (p-value <0.001), and less than 1 death/month (p-value <0.1). The residual analysis of the hospitalization series revealed a positive trend change in January 1996. The seasonal component for both models was statistically significant (p-value <0.0001) with May and June as months of highest hospitalizations and deaths. Normality and time independence assumptions of errors could not be rejected at a 0.05 significance level. CONCLUSIONS: The temporal pattern of moderate and severe diarrhea described and estimated in this study suggests that rotavirus might be a predominant disease agent. In this context, targeted vaccination is recommended for prevention and control. However, further studies on the efficacy of rotavirus candidate vaccines are necessary in order to implement this strategy in Brazil.
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