International Journal of Nanomedicine (May 2020)
Conventional and Nanotechnology Based Approaches to Combat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Implications for Chronic Airway Diseases
Abstract
Mehak Passi,1,* Sadia Shahid,2,* Sankarakuttalam Chockalingam,2 Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar,3 Gopinath Packirisamy1,2 1Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; 2Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; 3Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar; Gopinath Packirisamy Tel +1-585-273-3034; +91-1332-285650Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most prevalent obstructive lung disease worldwide characterized by decline in lung function. It is associated with airway obstruction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and enhanced autophagy and cellular senescence. Cigarette smoke being the major risk factor, other secondary risk factors such as the exposure to air pollutants, occupational exposure to gases and fumes in developing countries, also contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. Conventional therapeutic strategies of COPD are based on anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. However, traditional anti-oxidant pharmacological therapies are commonly used to alleviate the impact of COPD as they have many associated repercussions such as low diffusion rate and inappropriate drug pharmacokinetics. Recent advances in nanotechnology and stem cell research have shed new light on the current treatment of chronic airway disease. This review is focused on some of the anti-oxidant therapies currently used in the treatment and management of COPD with more emphasis on the recent advances in nanotechnology-based therapeutics including stem cell and gene therapy approaches for the treatment of chronic airway disease such as COPD and asthma.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, nanotechnology, anti-oxidant therapy, stem cell therapy, gene therapy
