Characterising the Metabolomic Diversity and Biological Potentials of Extracts from Different Parts of Two <i>Cistus</i> Species Using UHPLC-MS/MS and In Vitro Techniques
Shakeel Ahmed,
Gokhan Zengin,
Selami Selvi,
Gunes Ak,
Zoltán Cziáky,
József Jekő,
Maria J. Rodrigues,
Luisa Custodio,
Roberto Venanzoni,
Giancarlo Angeles Flores,
Gaia Cusumano,
Paola Angelini
Affiliations
Shakeel Ahmed
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
Gokhan Zengin
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
Selami Selvi
Department of Plant and Animal Production, Altınoluk Vocational School, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir 10870, Turkey
Gunes Ak
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
Zoltán Cziáky
Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
József Jekő
Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
Maria J. Rodrigues
Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Luisa Custodio
Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Roberto Venanzoni
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
Giancarlo Angeles Flores
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
Gaia Cusumano
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
Paola Angelini
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
This study investigates the biochemical composition and biological properties of different parts (leaves, roots, and twigs) of two Cistus species (Cistus monspeliasis and Cistus parviflorus). The extracts were analysed using UHPLC-MS/MS to determine their chemical profiling. A range of antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the extract’s antioxidant capabilities. The enzyme inhibition studies focused on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. In addition, the study examined the antimicrobial effects on different bacteria and yeasts and evaluated the toxicity using the MTT assay. Quinic acid, citric acid, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol, myricetin, ellagic acid, prodelphinidins, procyanidins, scopoletin, and flavogallonic acid dilactone are the main bioactive compounds found in both species. In enzyme inhibition assays, C. monspeliasis roots exhibited significant activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with the values of 2.58 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g and 11.37 ± 1.93 mg GALAE/g, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies showed mostly weak toxicity, with some samples moderately reducing viability in RAW and HepG2 cells. These findings underscore the diverse biochemical profiles and bioactive potential of Cistus species, suggesting their utility as natural sources of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.
