Comfort evaluation and physiological effects/autonomic nervous system response of inflatable deep pressure vest in reducing anxiety
Mohamad Izzur Maula,
Muhammad Imam Ammarullah,
Hanifa Nur Fadhila,
Ilham Yustar Afif,
Hardian Hardian,
Jamari Jamari,
Tri Indah Winarni
Affiliations
Mohamad Izzur Maula
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Undip Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Department of Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Akademi Inovasi Indonesia, Salatiga, 50721, Central Java, Indonesia
Muhammad Imam Ammarullah
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Undip Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Sustainable Energy and Bioengineering Research Centre, University of Liberia, Monrovia, 1000, Montserrado, Liberia
Hanifa Nur Fadhila
Undip Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
Ilham Yustar Afif
Undip Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, 50273, Central Java, Indonesia
Hardian Hardian
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
Jamari Jamari
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Undip Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
Tri Indah Winarni
Undip Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Corresponding author. Undip Biomechanics Engineering & Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
Background: Deep pressure therapy treats anxiety by triggering physiological responses and promoting calmness. Moreover, measuring user comfort can improve product quality. Objective: To investigate the physiological effects and subjective comfort level of inflatable deep pressure vests to enhance their calming effect. Methods: Experimental research was conducted with a one-group pretest-posttest design for physiological effects using pulse oximetry for peripheral pulse rate and a one-shot case study for three subscale parameters that help evaluate comfort (pressure, touch, and mobility) using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Deep pressure intervention using the Inflatable Vest was performed for three sessions, each lasting 5 min. Results: This study was conducted with 46 participants (24 males, 22 females) aged 17–20 (19.52 ± 0.78). Although pulse rate consistently decreased in all sessions, session 1 showed a significant decrease (p = 0.014*, d = 0.379), whereas sessions 2 (p = 0.274, d = 0.163) and 3 (p = 0.597, d = 0.078) demonstrated non-significant decreases with small effect sizes. The pressure comfort subscale showed that 87.0 %, 4.3 %, and 8.7 % of the participants, and the touch comfort subscale test revealed that 82.6 %, 8.7 %, and 73.9 % of the participants rated it as comfortable, very comfortable, and less comfortable, respectively. The mobility subscale test showed that 73.9 % of the participants rated no limitation, 17.4 % rated somewhat limited, and only 8.7 % rated limitation. Decreased pulse rate and pressure comfort were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.282**, p 0.05; and r = 0.121, p > 0.05, respectively). Decreased pulse rate was also positively correlated with the overall score for the three aspects (r = 0.201*, p < 0.05) Conclusions: A comfortable inflatable deep pressure vest provides a physiologically calming effect for therapeutic modalities.
