Pyruvate Kinase and Gastric Cancer: A Potential Marker

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and the 5-year overall survival rate for advanced gastric cancer is ≤25%. Metabolism is a critical process for maintaining growth and other functions in cancer cells; in these cells, the metabolic process shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and the expression of pyruvate kinase (PK) splice isoform M2 (PKM2) is upregulated. A PubMed search focussing on PK in gastric cancer was conducted and 32 articles were initially collected; 12 articles were subsequently excluded from this review. PKM2 is responsible for tumour growth and invasion and correlates with short survival times and cancer differentiation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 is associated with cell proliferation, lymph node metastasis, and invasion. Measurement of PKM2 or pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 in the blood or stools could be a good marker for gastric cancer in combination with the glycoprotein CA72-4. The review arose from the need for new biomarkers in the management of gastric cancer and had the primary objective of determining whether PK could be used as a marker to diagnose and monitor gastric cancer.

Keywords

• biomarker
• gastric cancer
• pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (pdk)
• pyruvate kinase (pk)