Water budget-salt balance model for calculating net water saving considering different non-conventional water resources in agricultural process
Ahmad Danboos,
Suraya Sharil,
Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah,
Ayman Yafouz,
Yuk Feng Huang,
Ali Najah Ahmed,
Abdel Azim Ebraheem,
Mohsen Sherif,
Ahmed El-Shafie
Affiliations
Ahmad Danboos
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Suraya Sharil
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre For Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sg. Long, Bandar Sg. Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Malaysia
Ayman Yafouz
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Yuk Feng Huang
Department of Civil Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sg. Long, Bandar Sg. Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Ali Najah Ahmed
Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Abdel Azim Ebraheem
National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Mohsen Sherif
National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Ahmed El-Shafie
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Malaysia
Iraq is facing a dire water crisis due to the decrease in water quantities flow in Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Due to population growth, several studies estimated the water shortage in 2035 to be 44 Billion Cubic Meter (BCM). Thus, Water Budget-Salt Balance Model (WBSBM) has been developed, applied and examined for the Euphrates River basin to compute the net water saving from Non-Conventional Water Resources (NCWRs). WBSBM includes 4-stages; the first is to identify the required data correspond to the conventional water resources in the study-area. The second stage is demonstrating the water-users activities. Thirdly, develop model through the proposed NCWR projects that reflect the required data. The final stage involves net water saving computation while applying all the NCWR projects simultaneously. The results obtained the optimal potential net water saving amount, which are 6.823 and 6.626 BCM/year in 2025 and 2035, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed WBSBM model has comprehensively examined different scenarios of utilizing NCWRs and has determined the optimal potential the net water saving amounts.
