Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from the Aerial Part of <i>Crocus alatavicus</i> Regel & Semen Growing Wildly in Southern Kazakhstan
Zoya Allambergenova,
Martyna Kasela,
Grzegorz Adamczuk,
Ewelina Humeniuk,
Magdalena Iwan,
Łukasz Świątek,
Anastazja Boguszewska,
Barbara Rajtar,
Aleksandra Józefczyk,
Tomasz Baj,
Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski,
Dmitry Korulkin,
Kaldanay Kozhanova,
Liliya Ibragimova,
Zuriyadda Sakipova,
Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz,
Anna Malm,
Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
Affiliations
Zoya Allambergenova
School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
Martyna Kasela
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Grzegorz Adamczuk
Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Ewelina Humeniuk
Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Magdalena Iwan
Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Łukasz Świątek
Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Anastazja Boguszewska
Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Barbara Rajtar
Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Aleksandra Józefczyk
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Tomasz Baj
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Dmitry Korulkin
Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
Kaldanay Kozhanova
School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
Liliya Ibragimova
School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
Zuriyadda Sakipova
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Be Street 94, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
Supercritical Extraction Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
Anna Malm
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
The composition of the ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Crocus alatavicus Regel & Semen from southern Kazakhstan spontaneous flora was analyzed together with the determination of its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer activity. The phytochemical profile analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS) revealed the presence of multiple kaempferol derivatives. High-performance reverse-phase liquid chromatography combined with a photodiode-array detection (RP-HPLC/PDA) found that kaempferol 3-O-dihexoside and kaempferol 3-O-acyltetrahexoside accounted for 70.5% of the kaempferol derivatives. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extract for all the tested reference microorganisms were high, reaching 10 mg/mL for yeasts and 20 mg/mL for bacteria. In contrast, antiviral activity was observed at 2 mg/mL, resulting in the inhibition of the HSV-1-induced cytopathic effect and the reduction in virus infectious titer by 1.96 log, as well as the viral load by 0.85 log. Among the tested prostate cancer cell lines, significant cytotoxic activity of the extract was noted only on the LNCaP cell line, with an IC50 value of 1.95 mg/mL. The LNCaP cell line treated with 2 mg/mL of the extract showed a noticeably reduced number of spindle-shaped cells with longer cellular projections, a significant increase in the peak corresponding to the population of apoptotic cells in the sub-G1 phase and a decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, suggesting the prooxidative properties of the extract. The obtained data provide novel information about the flavonoids present in the aerial part of C. alatavicus and suggest its potential application as a source of the compounds active against HSV-1 and metastatic, androgen-sensitive prostate cancer.
