The Impact of Different Cultivation Systems on the Content of Selected Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Carlina acaulis</i> Plant Material
Maciej Strzemski,
Sławomir Dresler,
Ireneusz Sowa,
Anna Czubacka,
Monika Agacka-Mołdoch,
Bartosz J. Płachno,
Sebastian Granica,
Marcin Feldo,
Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior
Affiliations
Maciej Strzemski
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Sławomir Dresler
Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Ireneusz Sowa
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Anna Czubacka
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8 St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland
Monika Agacka-Mołdoch
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8 St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland
Bartosz J. Płachno
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 St. 30-387 Cracow, Poland
Sebastian Granica
Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Marcin Feldo
Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Roots and leaves of Carlina acaulis L. are still used in ethnomedicine in many European countries; however, the limited occurrence of the plants and protection of this species necessitate a search for alternative ways for obtaining this plant material. In this study, in vitro cultures, hydroponic cultures, and field cultivation were applied to obtain the C. acaulis plant material. Its quality was evaluated using antioxidant activity tests and high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Our study showed that the antioxidant activity and the content of chlorogenic and 3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid in roots of plants cultivated in hydroponics and field conditions were comparable. However, the amount of carlina oxide was significantly higher in plants from the field. The flavonoid content in leaves obtained from both cultivation systems was at the same level; however, the antioxidant activity and the content of the investigated metabolites were higher in the soil cultivation system. The callus line exhibited high differentiation in phytochemical compositions depending on the treatments and medium compositions.
