Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy: Are Biomarkers and Clinical Predictive Models Useful?

Abstract

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate whether trimester-specific D-dimer levels or the modified Wells score (MWS) is a useful risk stratification tool to exclude pregnant women at low risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) from diagnostic imaging. Study Design This is a prospective and retrospective cohort study. Pregnant women who underwent diagnostic imaging for suspected PE were prospectively enrolled. D-dimer serum levels were drawn, and a MWS was assigned. Pregnant women diagnosed with a PE before study launch who underwent diagnostic imaging and had a D-dimer level drawn were also evaluated. Results In this study, 17 patients were diagnosed with a PE and 42 patients had no PE on diagnostic imaging. Sixteen out of 17 patients with a PE versus 11 out of 42 without PE had an abnormal D-dimer level (p = 0.001). Four patients with a PE versus zero without a PE had an abnormal MWS (p = 0.005). The combination of a trimester-specific D-dimer level along with the MWS was abnormal in all 17 patients with a documented PE versus 11/42 (26.2%) patients without a documented PE (p = 0.001). Conclusion A combination of trimester-specific D-dimer levels along with a MWS can be used in pregnancy to triage women into a low-risk category for PE and thereby avoid radiation exposure in a majority of pregnant patients.

Keywords

• pulmonary embolism
• pregnancy
• modified wells score
• d-dimer
• brain
• natriuretic protein