The latest progress and prospects of 2D MXenes materials in the application of tumor diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

The current focus of materials science and biomedical science research lies in two-dimensional (2D) MXenes materials, which possess an array of distinctive material attributes. These include superior optical characteristics, a high specific surface area, remarkable hydrophilicity, facile surface functionalization modification and impressive electrochemical properties. These features endow MXenes with vast application potential across multiple domains, particularly in the biomedical realm where advancements in tumor diagnosis and therapy have garnered significant research interest. These advancements primarily center on the enhancement of imaging technology and treatment methodologies. Notably, MXenes exhibit an array of unique physical and chemical properties, including remarkable fluorescence quenching capabilities, superior X-ray attenuation performance and highly efficient photothermal conversion. In the realm of diagnostic technologies, MXenes materials have emerged as a promising candidate for multimodal imaging, encompassing fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These materials, through their composite design, offer the potential to transcend the limitations of single-mode diagnostic techniques, thereby fostering innovative approaches in tumor imaging. Furthermore, MXenes exhibit exceptional characteristics as combination therapy materials, particularly in targeted drug delivery and optical therapy for tumor treatment. By harnessing the diverse physical and chemical properties of MXenes, personalized treatment strategies can be realized through precise drug delivery, thereby mitigating the toxic side effects associated with systemic chemotherapy. Currently, a pressing challenge in cancer research lies in the rational design and modification of MXenes probes that possess both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the latest advancements, opportunities and challenges associated with two-dimensional MXenes materials and their derivatives in the context of tumor diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, it delved into the material synthesis, surface modification and tumor imaging research conducted in this field. Furthermore, it examined the obstacles and limitations encountered in the utilization of MXenes in the present context. The research and development of MXenes materials were integral to nanotherapy, and their novel properties, biological effects and oncological application value were thoroughly analyzed, in order to offer more effective and safer therapeutic options for cancer patients.

Keywords

• |mxenes materials|phototherapy|targeted drug delivery|tumor imaging