Anesthesia Management of COVID-19 associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Fungal infections (mucormycosis) have been reported as co-infection as well as opportunistic infection during and after COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease), involving the paranasal air sinuses with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Considering the ongoing situation of COVID-19 associated with mucormycosis, we presented our experience of 110 patients being, or having previously been COVID -19 positive. Methods: This study included 110 patients in which surgical resection was done for Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) under general anesthesia and observed for 30 days postoperatively. Results: This study included 79 male patients with the majority of 51-60 years of age group (31.81%). Most common comorbidities observed in study were diabetes mellitus (77.27 %) followed by hypertension (39.09 %) & ischemic Heart Disease (9.09 %). Majority patients had received steroids (80 %) as a part of covid-19 treatment. All patients were receiving Amphotericin B at the time of surgery. On operative table extubation was possible in 80 % of the cases while others required average ICU stay (9.83 ± 7.33 days). Inotropic support was required in 20 % of patients. Majority patients were discharged successfully (85.45 %), while 10.91 % had mortality. On 30 days follow-up frontal Sinus Abscess (6.36 %) & maggots in maxilla and sphenoid (0.91 %) were noted. Conclusion: Corticosteroids and DM are the most important predisposing factors in the development of COVID-19-associated ROCM. Perioperative anesthesia care plays an important role towards management and outcome of ROC mucormycosis. Difficult intubation is anticipated due to fungal debris and supraglottic edema in the oropharynx of the patient.

Keywords

• anesthesia management
• covid-19
• mucormycosis
• postoperative outcome
• perioperative care