The Effect of Heat Treatment of β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Containing Silica-Based Bioactive Aerogels on the Cellular Metabolism and Proliferation of MG63 Cells
Csaba Hegedűs,
Zsuzsanna Czibulya,
Ferenc Tóth,
Balázs Dezső,
Viktória Hegedűs,
Róbert Boda,
Dóra Horváth,
Attila Csík,
István Fábián,
Enikő Tóth-Győri,
Zsófi Sajtos,
István Lázár
Affiliations
Csaba Hegedűs
Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Zsuzsanna Czibulya
Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Ferenc Tóth
Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Balázs Dezső
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Viktória Hegedűs
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Róbert Boda
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Dóra Horváth
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Attila Csík
Laboratory of Materials Science, Institute for Nuclear Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
István Fábián
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Enikő Tóth-Győri
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Zsófi Sajtos
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
István Lázár
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
β-Tricalcium phosphate was combined with silica aerogel in composites prepared using the sol–gel technique and supercritical drying. The materials were used in this study to check their biological activity and bone regeneration potential with MG63 cell experiments. The composites were sintered in 100 °C steps in the range of 500–1000 °C. Their mechanical properties, porosities, and solubility were determined as a function of sintering temperature. Dissolution studies revealed that the released Ca-/P molar ratios appeared to be in the optimal range to support bone tissue induction. Cell viability, ALP activity, and type I collagen gene expression results all suggested that the sintering of the compound at approximately 700–800 °C as a scaffold could be more powerful in vivo to facilitate bone formation within a bone defect, compared to that documented previously by our research team. We did not observe any detrimental effect on cell viability. Both the alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and the type I collagen gene expression were significantly higher compared with the control and the other aerogels heat-treated at different temperatures. The mesoporous silica-based aerogel composites containing β-tricalcium phosphate particles treated at temperatures lower than 1000 °C produced a positive effect on the osteoblastic activity of MG63 cells. An in vivo 6 month-long follow-up study of the mechanically strongest 1000 °C sample in rat calvaria experiments provided proof of a complete remodeling of the bone.
