سلامت و محیط (Sep 2018)
The efficiency of composting on the degradation of antibiotic metronidazole as a pharmaceutical waste
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nowadays, the increasing use of antibiotics to control diseases and mismanagement and inappropriate disposal of medicinal wastes cause environmental problems and threatens human health. The present study was conducted to determine removal of antibiotic Metronidazole as one of the most used drugs during the process of composting. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a mixture of livestock manure, fruit, straw and sludge were used for the preparation of compost. Duration of the process was 40 days. Metronidazole was added to the compost reactors at three concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Totally, 42 Samples were taken weekly. HPLC was used to analyze the samples. The experiment was repeated twice. SPSS22 software was used to analyze the results. Results: The rate of Metronidazole removal after day 21 and end of the thermophilic phase was 99.9, 96.73 and 93.48 % in the reactors contained 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Increasing concentrations in the reactors caused the removal rate to decrease, while increasing removal time caused to increase the removal rate. At the end of the process, the removal rate for all three reactors was 99.99 %. The physico-chemical properties of the final compost were within the national standard. Conclusion: The use of an aerobic composting process to degrade antibiotic Metronidazole is an economical, effective and, environmentally friendly method. At the end of the process, 99.99 % of Metronidazole was degraded.
