Cinnamaldehyde and Hyperthermia Co-Treatment Synergistically Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in ACHN Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells
Chae Ryeong Ahn,
Jinbong Park,
Jai-Eun Kim,
Kwang Seok Ahn,
Young Woo Kim,
Minjeong Jeong,
Hong Jun Kim,
Sun Hyang Park,
Seung Ho Baek
Affiliations
Chae Ryeong Ahn
College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
Jinbong Park
Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Jai-Eun Kim
College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
Kwang Seok Ahn
College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
Young Woo Kim
College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
Minjeong Jeong
College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, 443 Samnye-ro, Samnye-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55338, Korea
Hong Jun Kim
College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, 443 Samnye-ro, Samnye-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55338, Korea
Sun Hyang Park
Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Dukjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
Seung Ho Baek
College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the most common form of kidney cancer, which accounts for 3–5% newly diagnosed cancer cases. Since limited therapies are available for RCC, a search for new options is required. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the combination effect of cinnamaldehyde (CNM) and hyperthermia treatment. CNM treatment combined with 43 °C hyperthermia synergistically increased cytotoxicity in RCC cell line ACHN cells. Through Western blot assays, we observed increased apoptosis signaling and decreased proliferation/metastasis signaling, along with a repressed heat shock protein 70 level. In flow cytometry analyses, CNM and hyperthermia combination clearly induced apoptosis and mitochondrial potential of ACHN cells, while arresting the cell cycle. Investigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) suggested a significant increase of ROS generation by CNM and 43 °C hyperthermia co-treatment. We could verify that ROS is crucial in the apoptotic action of combination treatment with CNM and hyperthermia through further experiments regarding an ROS scavenger. Overall, we suggest CNM and hyperthermia combination treatment as an alternative option of anticancer strategies for RCC.
