Evaluation of Antifouling Potential and Ecotoxicity of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Red Algae of the Genus <i>Laurencia</i>
Maria Protopapa,
Manto Kotsiri,
Sofoklis Mouratidis,
Vassilios Roussis,
Efstathia Ioannou,
Skarlatos G. Dedos
Affiliations
Maria Protopapa
Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
Manto Kotsiri
Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
Sofoklis Mouratidis
Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
Vassilios Roussis
Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Efstathia Ioannou
Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Skarlatos G. Dedos
Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
Red algae of the genus Laurencia are known to biosynthesize and secrete an immense variety of secondary metabolites possessing a spectrum of biological activities against bacteria, invertebrates and mammalian cell lines. Following a rigorous cross-species screening process, herein we report the antifouling potential of 25 secondary metabolites derived from species of the genus Laurencia, as well as the thorough evaluation of the ecotoxicity of selected metabolites against non-target marine arthropods and vertebrate cell lines. A number of these secondary metabolites exhibited potent antifouling activity and performed well in all screening tests. Our results show that perforenol (9) possesses similar antifouling activity with that already described for bromosphaerol, which is used herein as a benchmark.
