Novel clinical features of nonconvulsive status epilepticus [version 1; referees: 2 approved]
Masao Nagayama,
Sunghoon Yang,
Romergryko G. Geocadin,
Peter W. Kaplan,
Eisei Hoshiyama,
Azusa Shiromaru-Sugimoto,
Mitsuru Kawamura
Affiliations
Masao Nagayama
Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Chiba, Japan
Sunghoon Yang
Department of Neurology and the Center for Stroke and Neurocritical Care, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Shizuoka, Japan
Romergryko G. Geocadin
Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Neurosurgery, and Medicine, Division of Neurosciences Critical Care, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Peter W. Kaplan
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Eisei Hoshiyama
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine and Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
Azusa Shiromaru-Sugimoto
Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Mitsuru Kawamura
Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) has rapidly expanded from classical features such as staring, repetitive blinking, chewing, swallowing, and automatism to include coma, prolonged apnea, cardiac arrest, dementia, and higher brain dysfunction, which were demonstrated mainly after the 2000s by us and other groups. This review details novel clinical features of NCSE as a manifestation of epilepsy, but one that is underdiagnosed, with the best available evidence. Also, we describe the new concept of epilepsy-related organ dysfunction (Epi-ROD) and a novel electrode and headset which enables prompt electroencephalography.
